ARP and InARP Protocols. The ARP Protocol is a low-level protocol that dynamically maps network layer addresses to physical medium access control (MAC) addresses. The Inverse ARP protocol (InARP) allows you to check and assign the network protocol addresses that correspond to specific hardware addresses.

TCP-IP Configuration. IP is a network layer protocol that provides a connectionless datagram service for data delivery. Transport layer protocols, such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), ensure actual delivery.

Configuring and monitoring. All our routers use the same user interface, regardless of the model in question, only differing in the protocol software loaded on each device. This manual focuses on configuration options for bintec routers and their monitoring.

Generic Seral Interfaces. This manual provides information on the configuration and monitoring of synchronous and asynchronous serial interfaces, as well as of AT commands and HSSI interfaces.

PPPoE Interface. The PPP protocol (Point-to-Point Protocol) provides a mechanism to transmit multi-protocol datagrams over a point-to-point link. The PPPoE protocol (PPP over Ethernet) allows you to establish PPP sessions and encapsulate PPP packets over Ethernet. This manual shows you how to create PPP interfaces and configure the PPPoE parameters associated to them.

LAN Interfaces. This manual details how to monitor and configure Token Ring Interfaces, Ethernet Interfaces, Ethernet OAM, LLC and switch-based routers.

PPP Interface. The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a mechanism for transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links.

SNMP Agent. SNMP is an OSI layer 7 (application layer) protocol that helps configure and monitor the different features of a router. It allows network hosts to read and modify some of the settings of the router’s operating characteristics. It also makes it possible for the software that runs on a remote host to contact the router over a network and provide updated information.

OSPF Protocol. This manual explains how to use the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, which is an interior gateway protocol (IGP) that detects and learns the best routes to reachable destinations.

BRS. The Bandwidth Reservation System (BRS) allows you to apply Quality of Service (QoS) features to the device output interfaces.

Bridge. A bridge is a device that links two or more Local Area Networks (LANs). The bridge accepts data frames from each connected network and then decides whether to forward each frame based on the Medium Access Control (MAC) frame.

You can use bridges to link homogeneous or heterogeneous networks

RIP Protocol. The Routing Information Protocol is based on the Bellman-Ford (or distance vector) algorithm that allows routers to exchange information on possible destinations in order to calculate routes throughout the network. Destinations may be networks or special values used to represent default routes. RIP does not alter IP datagrams and routes them based on destination addresses only.

IP Tunnel Interface (TNIP). Tunneling is the name given to the process of encapsulating packets from one protocol within another protocol. Configuring a tunnel involves creating a virtual interface known as a Tunnel Interface . A tunnel interface is not tied to specific encapsulation or internally set transport protocols; rather it provides an architecture that is designed to support any standard encapsulation scheme.

NAT Feature. Network Address Translation (NAT) allows an organization that uses private addresses (local addresses), which are not accessible through the Internet, to connect to the Internet by translating those addresses into globally routable address space (public addresses). NAT also allows organizations to launch readdressing strategies where the changes in the local IP networks are minimum.

Telephony over IP. he concept behind IP telephony (also known as Voice over IP) is simple: transmission of voice messages using IP networks. This technology allows you to transmit voice messages, video, fax, modem, etc., over UDP/IP packets, which can then be transmitted over the Internet using a private IP network or simply between two devices in the same LAN.

DNS. The Domain Name System, better known as DNS, is a standard protocol that allows network users to use simple hierarchical names to refer to other devices. This way, the user can obviate the IP address associated to the device and refer to it with a name that is easier to remember. It also makes changing the IP address of a device easier.

FTP Protocol. One of the main advantages of the Internet is that it allows files to be transferred from one terminal to another from anywhere in the world. To do so, we use the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). If we have access to remote files via Telnet, FTP allows us to share (receive and send) our files with other devices as long as their administrator approves. Our devices' FTP server allows you to carry out remote downloading of code, as well as configurations from FTP clients in remote terminals.

TVRP Protocol. The TVRP is a protocol that provides a tolerance mechanism for IP routing failures under certain circumstances.

Backup WAN Reroute. The backup WRR is another means of adding fault tolerance. This mechanism can provide an alternative path for forwarding data to a destination when a link, interface, etc., is not working properly or at all. In broad terms, the mechanism works by enabling new links in an attempt to find an alternative path (hence the rerouting), if possible, to carry traffic from a primary link that is no longer active.

NTP Protocol. The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used to synchronize a set of network clocks using a distributed client and server set. It provides high precision synchronization mechanisms and allows local clock error estimation while revealing the characteristics of the reference clock.

BRI ISDN Interface. The BRI ISDN interface grants access to ISDN for data transmission over B channels, thus supporting several protocols.

DHCP Protocol. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol provides a mechanism for the exchange of configuration information between distinct clients in a TCP/IP network.

Frame Relay Interfaces over BRI ISDN. The Generic Frame Relay interface is one of the interfaces that acts as a ‘user’ for the BRI ISDN base interfaces. It is a logical interface with no physical connector. You can configure various Generic Frame Relay interfaces over a single BRI ISDN base interface. The BRI ISDN interface can also be configured to support switched or semi-permanent connections.

Dial Profile. Developed to simplify the configuration process for the part associated to calls in an interface. Dial profiles are particularly useful in cases where you need to set up multiple interfaces that are going to have certain common parameters with respect to the call.

Radius Protocol. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) can help solve problems associated with security requirements in accesses, or linked to authentication and authorization, by allowing you to send configuration information from a RADIUS Authentication Server.

Proxy ARP. Proxy ARP is a technique by which a device on a given network answers the ARP queries for a network address that is not on that network. The ARP Proxy is aware of the location of the traffic's destination, and offers its own MAC address as destination. The "captured" traffic is then typically routed by the Proxy to the intended destination via another interface or via a tunnel.

NAPT Facility. Network Address Translation is a method by which IP addresses are mapped from one address realm to another, providing transparent routing to the various network stations. Traditionally, NAT devices are used to isolate address realms with non-registered private addresses in external realms with unanimously assigned unique addresses.

ASDP Interface. ASDP is an acronym for Asynchronous Serial Device Proxy. As its name suggests, an ASDP interface aims to provide remote access to an asynchronous serial device. Its does this through a TCP connection. The ASDP interface transparently sends all the data received over a TCP connection to and from a device connected to a serial interface.

HTTP Protocol. The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a web protocol (WWW) used in every transaction. The hypertext is the web page content, while the transfer protocol is the system through which requests to access a website and responses from the website are sent, producing the information you subsequently see on the screen.

TELNET Protocol. The aim of the TELNET protocol is to provide a general bi-directional communications system whose minimum transmission unit is measured in bytes.

IPSec. IPSec is a network layer security platform developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) IPSec Working Group. It mainly focuses on data source authentication (i.e. checking that the received data has actually come from those claiming to have sent it) and data integrity (i.e. checking that the received data has not been altered in transit).

ATM. The current bottleneck in communications is no longer the physical medium but the processing speed of the network nodes, which require quick and simple protocols. ATM is able to meet the real-time communication demands of emerging multimedia applications and those calling for a wider bandwidth in current installations.

ADSL VDSL 2 and G Fast

Loopback Interface. A loopback interface is a virtual interface that, despite not physically existing in the device, is able to carry out all the functions of a normal interface.

Dial Routing. The Dial Routing interface is a virtual interface that distributes IP traffic via a pool of “Dial PPP” interfaces.

Policy Routing. In today's high performance internetworks, organizations need the freedom to implement packet forwarding and routing according to their own defined policies in a way that goes beyond traditional routing protocol concerns. By using policy-based routing, customers can implement policies that selectively make packets take different paths.

G703 Interface. The E1/T1/G.703 interface is a serial interface that comprises a ITU standard describing a physical layer (i.e. the physical and electrical signal characteristics transmitted between both ends of the communication).

Software Updating

NSM. This manual focuses on the router's NSM (Network Service Monitor) features, which provide monitoring information on network service levels using various probes integrated in the router and help measure performance.

Ethernet Subinterface. Ethernet is the physycal interface that you can see on the router. At times, we need some more interfaces that can be obtained by creating sub-interfaces. These are only logical interfaces.

VLAN. Virtual LANs (VLANs) are LAN station groupings, defined by software, which communicate with each other as if they were connected to the same cable, even if they reside in different segments of a network or in different networks.

Access Control. Routers use Access Control Lists (ACL) to identify traffic passing through them. Access lists can filter the packet or route flow passing through the router interfaces.

Syslog Client. The Syslog Protocol provides a transport mechanism for devices to send event notification messages across IP networks to message collectors, also known as Syslog servers.

NSLA. NSLA stands for Network Service Level Advisor. It is a functionality that allows you to monitor the service level provided by the network and to generate a notification when certain normal thresholds are not met.

Dynamic NAT Protocol. Establishes a mapping of local addresses in a pool of global addresses. This type of NAT is necessary when the number of global addresses to translate does not equal the number of local ones, or they are equal but for some reason it is not desirable to have a static mapping. The number of hosts simultaneously communicating with the outside network is generally limited by the number of global addresses available.

VRRP Protocol. The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol dynamically assigns the function of a virtual router to a VRRP router on a LAN. A VRRP router controlling the address associated to the virtual router is known as Master, and forwards packets sent through said IP address. When the Master becomes unavailable, one of the other VRRP routers takes over routing over the virtual router address and provides dynamic recovery when failure occurs.

L2TP. The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) extends the PPP model by allowing the link and PPP endpoints to reside on different devices interconnected by an IP network. With L2TP, the user establishes a point-to-point connection to an access concentrator and the concentrator then tunnels the PPP frames to the NAS. This allows the processing of PPP packets to be separated from the termination of the layer 2 circuit.

IGMP Protocol. Stands for Internet Group Management Protocol. Traditional IP communication allows a host to send packets to a single host (unicast transmission) or to all hosts (broadcast transmission). IP multicast provides a third possibility: allowing a host to send packets to a subset of all hosts as a group transmission.

BGP Protocol. The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) was adopted as the preferred Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) for interdomain routing. The current version, BGP-4, supports Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR) and is the most commonly used routing protocol for routing information between autonomous systems.

Route Mapping. In some complex routing scenarios, applying a dynamic routing protocol is simply not enough. It is necessary to have several routing protocols interoperating, exchanging routes, defining the routes that should be broadcast (and the manner to do it), or implementing static routing with more criteria than the destination IP address. To tackle these scenarios, we need to define routing policies that accurately specify route management in the routing protocols.

TFTP Protocol. The Trivial File Transfer Protocol is a protocol used to transfer files between various machines connected through a communications network. It is very simple, similar to a basic FTP version, and is often used to transfer small files between PCs in a network.

SIP. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol whose main function is to create, modify and terminate sessions over IP networks. To that end, it allows you to locate users and share information on the media involved in the session. It is totally independent of the type of session being established and, consequently, can be used to initiate voice conversations, videoconferences, shared applications, etc.

H323 Protocol. In order to enable multimedia communication over packet-switched networks, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has defined a series of standards grouped under the H.323 Recommendation.The H.323 Recommendation describes a series of elements, the most important of which are the terminals, gateways and gatekeepers.

DMVPNs. This manual describes the operations of dynamic multipoint virtual private networks based on the IPSec protocol (DMVPN).

STUN Protocol. Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a standardized set of methods, including a network protocol, for traversal of network address translator (NAT) gateways in applications of real-time voice, video, messaging, and other interactive communications.

VoIP Interfaces. VoIP cards allow voice exchange between the PSTN and an IP network.

Wireless LAN Interface. Thanks to a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) interface, you can connect multiple devices to a network without the hassle of wires. To that end, packets are broadcast using standardized frequency bands and modulations.

Configuration Interfaces. This manual describes generic configuration commands that are not specific to a particular interface in a device, but are common to several.

Generic HDLC Interface. Bintec's generic HDLC interface provides a standard, synchronous, orientated to bit over serial lines, HDLC encapsulation mechanism using framing characters and adding checksum.

VRF Lite Facility. Through the VRF-Lite feature, our routers can support various routing tables, i.e. various VRFs, when acting as client devices. VRF-Lite makes it possible for service operators to support two or more VPNs with overlapping addressing spaces, using a single physical interface.

Power over Ethernet

NOE Protocol. It is a telephony signaling protocol whose initials stand for New Office Environment. It focuses on stimulations where the telephone reports the events occurring while interacting with the user at the Call Server (e.g. pressed key, hook-off). The server handles the telephone elements (LEDs, LCD screen, RTP generator/receiver, etc.).

Sniffer Feauture. A Sniffer is a program that allows you to intercept and log traffic in a network or part of a network. Once a packet has been captured, it can decode it and analyze it (according to the appropriate RFC or to another specification).

BFD Protocol. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a protocol designed to provide fast detection of drops in data communication links between two devices.

Prefix Lists. Prefix Lists provide a powerful and simple mechanism to control the distribution and installation of routes in our routers. Prefix Lists emerged as a complement to access control lists in order to simplify route filtering and are far more powerful and versatile than the latter for this purpose. A Prefix List is a sequential list of permit or deny conditions and is applied to imported or exported routes for various routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF or BGP. Prefix Lists can be applied both at the entry (controlling the installation of routes in the device routing table) as well as at the output (controlling the routes to be exported).

Cellular Interface. Cellular interfaces allow corporate networks to connect to mobile broadband networks.

802 1X and MAB Authentication. 802.1X authentication, which takes its name from the IEEE standard that describes it, allows you to control access to a LAN through the definition of an authentication and authorization mechanism associated to a connection point in said LAN. The connection point for a device to the LAN is known as a port. However, not all devices are compatibles with 802.1X authentication. Configuring MAB (MAC Authentication Bypass) in a port, triggers an authentication process with a RADIUS server using the connected device’s MAC as the user name and password.

DNS Updater. Given how much the Internet has grown since its inception, addresses are being continuously reused to tackle the lack of free public addresses. Some companies offer free hostnames for private users and allow dynamic updating mechanisms. DNS dynamic updating is particularly useful for SMEs and domestic environments, where the IP address, supplied by an access provider, changes from connection to connection or even during it. Our DNS-Updater feature is configured to publish/update an IP address for an interface. If this interface is not active, updating does not occur.

AFS. It stands for Advanced Firewall System, a classification and manipulation system developed for IP packets. On activating the AFS system, IP (IPv4/IPv6) packets processed by the router are automatically associated to a session. When a packet is processed for the first time, the router tries to find its corresponding session from existing ones. If it can’t, a new session is created and assigned to said packet. When all IP packets are associated to a session, you can establish packet selection criteria based on the state, or type, of the associated session. Thus, you can establish selection criteria based on whether this is a new session, an already established one or one with a response from the remote end that has not yet been received.

SSH Protocol. SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol used to (remotely) login securely to, and make use of other network services over, an insecure network.

New NAT. Replaces the previous three NAT subsystems (port, dynamic and static) and allows all three types to be executed from a single menu.

NETFLOW/IPFIX. The NETFLOW/IPFIX protocol allows you to monitor data flows moving around an IP network. Understanding the behavior of an IP network with traffic flows helps improve it.

LDAP Protocol. The LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is an application protocol which accesses a logical and distributed directory service in order to search for information on the network. As it is based on standards, the LDAP provides an extensive architecture which can be used by all applications for centrally storing and managing information that needs to be available in a distributed systems and services environment.

MGCP Protocol. The Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) enables an IP Telephony Server or a Call Agent to control a Media Gateway, used to convert telephone circuit audio signals to RTP packets that carry audio over the IP network.

Key Management. Key management is a method of controlling authentication keys used by routing protocols.

Interfaces disabled due to the detection of errors. Occasionally, an interface is disabled when an error is detected while a protocol is running. This manual shows you how to configure parameters related to the recovery of a link that has been disabled due to a protocol error.

Policy-Map Class-Map. Policy-maps define traffic policies. A policy-map is made up of one or several class-maps. The latter are particularly interesting since they are traffic classes that define the way traffic is classified. A class-map is defined through a series of entries that we want to apply to a group of input traffic. Once done, the service policy is used to apply the traffic policy to the corresponding interface.

RMON Facility. Remote network monitoring devices, often called probes, help to manage a network. Generally speaking, these devices devote a significant amount of their internal resources to managing a network.

Dynamic Configuration Control. Dynamic configuration control is a method used to control configuration changes in a given situation.

Wireless LAN Subinterfaces. Some WLAN interfaces allow several wireless networks to operate simultaneously. As a result, you can create different wireless networks with different access and security policies using a single Wi-Fi card. To define the different wireless networks, WLAN subinterfaces must be created. A wireless network is configured in each subinterface. This manual details the procedures to create, configure and monitor WLAN subinterfaces. It also includes a configuration example.

AAA Feature. AAA (authentication, authorization and accounting) is a feature included in Teldat routers that encompasses various protocols to manage the authentication, authorization and accounting processes.

PIM Protocol. PIM is a family of multicast routing protocols for the Internet protocol IP that provides one-to-many and many-to-many distribution of data over a LAN, WAN or the Internet.

IPv6 Addressing. IPv6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP). It  was proposed when it became clear that the 32-bit addressing scheme of IPv4 was unable to meet the growing demands of the Internet. It is based on the Internet Protocol but with a greatly expanded address space (from 32 bits to 128 bits). Unnecessary fields have also been eliminated in order to simplify the header and thus reduce processing time.

DCHPV6 Protocol. The DHCPv6 protocol (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6, RFC 3315) provides a mechanism for exchanging configuration information (such as IPv6 prefixes, IPv6 addresses, DNS servers, SIP servers, domain names, NTP servers, etc...) between DHCPv6 servers and clients in an IPv6 network.

Static Routing IPv6. Routing defines the paths over which packets travel in the network. Manually configured static routes may be used instead of dynamic routing protocols for smaller networks or for sections of a network that have only one path to an outside network.

IPv6 Access Control. Routers use access control lists (ACL) to filter traffic transmitted through them. This manual focuses on IPv6 access control lists, which allow you to filter the flow of IPv6 packets transmitted through the router interfaces.

IPv4/IPv6 Tunnel over IPv6. This manual describes the configuration the router needs to establish IPv6 tunneling. It focuses on two types of tunnels: IPv4 over IPv6 and IPv6 over IPv6. The aim of this manual is to establish tunnels between the IPv4/IPv6 domain networks through IPv6 domain networks. To do this, IPv4/IPv6 packets are encapsulated in IPv6 packets.

IPv6 Tunnel over IPv4. IPv4 over IPv6 tunneling emerged in order to make the new IPv6 infrastructures and the large number of IPv4 hosts and routers currently deployed compatible. This is a transition mechanism that aims at ensuring interoperability between new IPv6 networks and the IPv4 infrastructures available.

Direct IP Interface. Through this method, connection to the interface is directly established using an Ethernet network interface. All data transmission and reception is then carried out through the direct encapsulation of IP datagrams in level 2 frames (Ethernet encapsulation). This mechanism offers a method of transmission that downloads to the CPU, both for the cellular module as well as the router, and increases the effective transmission and reception speeds of a PPP interface.

GPS. The Global Positioning System is a global navigation system via satellite (GNNS) that lets you determine the position of any point on the earth's surface to a precision of only a few meters (or a few centimeters when using differential GPS).

LLDP Protocol. The Link Layer Discovery Protocol allows for device characteristics to be advertised in a network. This makes it possible for other devices connected to that same network to listen to packets from this protocol and learn about the characteristics of the device where LLDP is enabled (addresses, ports, vlan, etc).

RIPng Protocol. RIPng (Routing Information Protocol next generation) is a protocol based on the distance vector or Bellman-Ford, which allows routers to exchange information on possible destinations to calculate IPv6 routes over the entire network. Destinations may be networks or special values, which represent default routes. RIPng does not alter IPv6 datagrams but routes them based on the destination address field only. The distance vector algorithm forces routers to periodically broadcast their routing tables to all their neighboring routers. Consequently, the router, knowing the tables from all its neighbors, can decide where to send each packet.

OSPFv3 Protocol. This manual describes how to use the OSPFv3 (Open Shortest Path First version 3) Protocol, which is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) designed to support IPv6. OSPFv3 is a per-link protocol (i.e. a link is the medium through which the nodes can communicate at the link level).

MSDP Protocol. The Multicast Source Discovery Protocol is used to connect multiple PIN-SM domains.

HotSpot Feature. In a network, a HotSpot gateway is an element that provides Internet access and other services, typically over wireless technologies, to occasional client devices during a specific period of time. The HotSpot feature aims at providing a set of functions that help integrate tasks reviewed by a HotSpot gateway.

VRRPv3 Protocol for IPv6. Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol version 3 (VRRPv3) specifies an election protocol that dynamically assigns responsibility for a virtual router to one of the VRRP routers on a LAN. The VRRP router controlling the IPv4 or IPv6 address(es) associated with a virtual router is called the Master, and it forwards packets sent to these IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. When the Master becomes unavailable, one of the other VRRP routers, called Backup routers, takes over the responsibility of routing over the virtual router addresses, thus providing dynamic recovery when failure occurs.

CFM Protocol. The Connectivity Fault Management set of protocols helps detect connectivity errors easily and efficiently. Unlike other OAM procedures and methods, it allows you to verify end-to-end connections and to create managed structures based on services.

CPE WAN Management Protocol (CWMP). The CPE WAN Management Protocol is intended to be used in communications between a CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) and an Auto-Configuration Server (ACS). It defines a mechanism that encompasses secure auto-configuration of a CPE, and also incorporates other CPE management functions into a common framework.

Software Updating via FTP. Bintec routers have an FTP server to which files for device software updating can be transferred. This manual explains how to update the software via FTP.

Software Web Updating

MNGPLAT Feature. Manual detailing the feature designed to allow devices to be managed remotely through the Colibri- NetManager management platform.

TTCP Feature. Manual detailing the Test TCP feature.

Embedded AP Firmware Updating

Software Updating Quick Guide

Digital IO Ports